penguin . amazing facts you don't know about penguins
penguin
A type of seabird for the Southern Hemisphere, which cannot fly but is a skilled swimmer. The penguins belong to the family of the Spheniscidae, which in turn belong to the family of the birds of the new jaw (Neognathae).
The penguins are characterized by a high degree of adaptation to their environment, their brushes have become white and black, their wings have turned to suit the swimming problem of the so-called fins, and the penguins spend nearly half of their life on the surface of the land, while the other half is within the water.
The penguins are characterized by a high degree of adaptation to their environment, their brushes have become white and black, their wings have turned to suit the swimming problem of the so-called fins, and the penguins spend nearly half of their life on the surface of the land, while the other half is within the water.
Submarine birds
She is the sister date of Penguin family. It is very easy to distinguish the penguins from the rest of the birds, due to their unique adaptation to the conditions of their underwater fishing and the very cold (frozen) areas they inhabit.
The difference in size and weight of penguins is noticeable, but the physical structure and texture of the skin may be very similar for all of the family.
The length of the dwarf penguin (Eudyptula minor) reaches 30 centimeters and a weight of half a kilogram. In contrast, the Aptenodytes forsteri is a length of up to 1,20 meters and a weight of up to 40 kilograms, the largest in the species of birds with a new jaw. This difference in length is explained by Bergmann's Rule, where the penguin is the best example. Most species weigh about as much as their water volume, making it easier for them to dive.
The body of the penguin is very suitable for living in the sea; Because it is covered with short and thick feathers as if a water-proof coat .. The color of the feathers is either black or bluish gray except for the interior where the color of the feathers is white .. Some types of penguins have yellow or orange feathers on the head, neck or chest area. It is also helped by the presence of thick fatty layers that help warm it in cold water .. The penguins that live in the very cold environment are characterized by the presence of another layer of long, soft feathers under the layer of feathers that insulate the water. Some penguins have a custom of feathers on the head area.
amazing facts you don't know about penguins
Humans are fascinated by the funny way that penguins sway their gait, as well as by their amazing lifestyle. But if we look at these creatures more closely, we will discover that they have a dark side as well.
A common reputation for penguins is that they only live in the icy regions near the poles. Northern and southern, and that each of them weaves a relationship "love" with his partner in the mating of the opposite sex continues for life. These organisms are also rumored to provide optimal care for their young.
A common reputation for penguins is that they only live in the icy regions near the poles. Northern and southern, and that each of them weaves a relationship "love" with his partner in the mating of the opposite sex continues for life. These organisms are also rumored to provide optimal care for their young.
But the truth is that most penguins live in temperate or tropical regions, in terms of climate. She also often "betrays" her partner in the mating process, and even engages in practices such as this with a partner of her own gender. Moreover; The female penguins exchanged kidnapping and spawn each other.
In 1911, English explorer Captain Robert Scott sent three men from his base in the Antarctic on a mission to collect three Imperial Penguin eggs. The problem was that the timing of the mission was at the height of the winter frost.
In a climate where the temperature has dropped to minus 60 degrees Celsius, most of these younger men 's teeth have been destroyed. He was called Absley Cherry-Girard, due to his chattering under the bitter chill.
In 1911, English explorer Captain Robert Scott sent three men from his base in the Antarctic on a mission to collect three Imperial Penguin eggs. The problem was that the timing of the mission was at the height of the winter frost.
In a climate where the temperature has dropped to minus 60 degrees Celsius, most of these younger men 's teeth have been destroyed. He was called Absley Cherry-Girard, due to his chattering under the bitter chill.
Although no one would have blamed Cherry-Gerard for his feelings of frustration with these birds, in fact he was fascinated by them.
Later, he wrote that the penguins of Adele, the high-knee penguin living around the camp where they resided, resembled funny little men who "came late for dinner, wearing black t-shirts with a tail, under which white shirts appeared." But that did not prevent him, by the way, from devouring these birds.
Over the next century, the world became obsessed with penguins. The joy overwhelms us by its swaying upright on its feet, to see our wings-like arms, and to the funny body of its fluffy chicks, while the penguins rotate around it as if skiing.
However, we do have a long history of misunderstanding these birds. The first explorers thought that the penguins are only fish. But they soon retracted it, to consider that these creatures clearly stand halfway between fish and birds.
Later, he wrote that the penguins of Adele, the high-knee penguin living around the camp where they resided, resembled funny little men who "came late for dinner, wearing black t-shirts with a tail, under which white shirts appeared." But that did not prevent him, by the way, from devouring these birds.
Over the next century, the world became obsessed with penguins. The joy overwhelms us by its swaying upright on its feet, to see our wings-like arms, and to the funny body of its fluffy chicks, while the penguins rotate around it as if skiing.
However, we do have a long history of misunderstanding these birds. The first explorers thought that the penguins are only fish. But they soon retracted it, to consider that these creatures clearly stand halfway between fish and birds.
By the age when explorer Scott lived, the prevailing theory in this regard was that penguins had not yet reached the degree of mutation sufficient to make them able to fly, and that they might form the missing link between birds and dinosaurs.
It was hoped that the examination and study of penguin eggs would reveal the truth in this regard. And now, we know that the first delightful penguin fumigated on Earth nearly 70 million years ago.
The ancestors of these birds lost the ability to fly after they became more skilled in swimming, and their bones became heavier to help them dive. Now, these penguins can "fly" underwater at speeds of up to 25 miles per hour (40 kilometers per hour), reaching depths greater than 500 meters (1,640 feet).
It was hoped that the examination and study of penguin eggs would reveal the truth in this regard. And now, we know that the first delightful penguin fumigated on Earth nearly 70 million years ago.
The ancestors of these birds lost the ability to fly after they became more skilled in swimming, and their bones became heavier to help them dive. Now, these penguins can "fly" underwater at speeds of up to 25 miles per hour (40 kilometers per hour), reaching depths greater than 500 meters (1,640 feet).
This leads us to talk about the areas where penguins live. Here we need to understand some things clearly.
Start; There are no penguins in Madagascar, unlike what is shown in a famous American television series, entitled "Madagascar Penguins". The only exception in this regard is a rogue penguin that unintentionally passed through this spot of the world during a 1956 hunting expedition. As we explained earlier, there is also no penguin in the Arctic. Nearly all of the penguins that lived in the world did so in the Southern Hemisphere.
On the other hand, although these birds are known to live in the far world, many of them are not originally found in Antarctica. These creatures went through their stages of development during a heat wave that struck the world, and the oldest known bird lived in New Zealand, when the ocean surrounding this country was like a hot bath. Giant penguins roamed Peru around 42 million years ago.
Start; There are no penguins in Madagascar, unlike what is shown in a famous American television series, entitled "Madagascar Penguins". The only exception in this regard is a rogue penguin that unintentionally passed through this spot of the world during a 1956 hunting expedition. As we explained earlier, there is also no penguin in the Arctic. Nearly all of the penguins that lived in the world did so in the Southern Hemisphere.
On the other hand, although these birds are known to live in the far world, many of them are not originally found in Antarctica. These creatures went through their stages of development during a heat wave that struck the world, and the oldest known bird lived in New Zealand, when the ocean surrounding this country was like a hot bath. Giant penguins roamed Peru around 42 million years ago.
To this day, more than half of the penguins in the world prefer to live in tropical or temperate regions, and even birds belonging to the "Galapagos Way" live on the equator. Also, among the eighteen species of penguins in the world, the "emperor penguins" and "Adele penguins" are the only two species that reproduce only in the Antarctic.
The great multiplication of these polar penguins can be illustrated with abstract numbers. Birds belonging to the type of "pasta penguin", which lives in the far south of the globe, breed in colonies that number about 100,000 penguins.
There are also "penguin" birds in huge numbers at the Antarctic, so we can count them from space. The colonies in which you live can be determined by searching in satellite images for brown smudges resulting from their waste. These studies revealed that twice the number of penguins belonging to this species was previously thought.
By contrast, the types of penguins that live near humans face threats of all kinds. From overfishing to oil spills, to the risk of wild cats, which makes them tend to become fewer in number. An example of this is the "Galapagos penguin", of which there are no more than 2000 birds.
Moreover, there is a prevailing perception of penguins that they are love-worthy creatures. Here it can be said that there are facts that have emerged in recent years in this regard to make the penguin "Bingo", a hero of the cartoon series on the penguins, tremble in fear and terror.
There are also "penguin" birds in huge numbers at the Antarctic, so we can count them from space. The colonies in which you live can be determined by searching in satellite images for brown smudges resulting from their waste. These studies revealed that twice the number of penguins belonging to this species was previously thought.
By contrast, the types of penguins that live near humans face threats of all kinds. From overfishing to oil spills, to the risk of wild cats, which makes them tend to become fewer in number. An example of this is the "Galapagos penguin", of which there are no more than 2000 birds.
Moreover, there is a prevailing perception of penguins that they are love-worthy creatures. Here it can be said that there are facts that have emerged in recent years in this regard to make the penguin "Bingo", a hero of the cartoon series on the penguins, tremble in fear and terror.
In 2012, Douglas Russell, a researcher at the Natural History Museum in the British capital London, unveiled a research paper titled "Sexual Habits of the Adele Penguin".
Prepared by the paper, Classified as "Not for Publication", by George Mary Levy; One of Scott's expedition scientists was. Levik was the first to follow and watch the breeding season of penguins from start to finish.
But Levik was shocked by what he saw: male gangs of penguins engaging in "homosexual" sexual practices, sexually molesting penguins (their young), and even "having sex" with female penguins. At the time of preparation of this paper, it was considered that its content was of a very skewed nature, which precluded access to the public.
Prepared by the paper, Classified as "Not for Publication", by George Mary Levy; One of Scott's expedition scientists was. Levik was the first to follow and watch the breeding season of penguins from start to finish.
But Levik was shocked by what he saw: male gangs of penguins engaging in "homosexual" sexual practices, sexually molesting penguins (their young), and even "having sex" with female penguins. At the time of preparation of this paper, it was considered that its content was of a very skewed nature, which precluded access to the public.
Although this was troublesome for an Edwardian Englishman like Levik, that sexual behavior was quite likely in the normal biological life of the penguins. The researcher noted that these "barbaric" males were probably lacking experience of how to mate, and were making mistakes in this regard.
Such errors are not confined to male penguins alone. In recent years, seals belonging to the "fur seal" species have been found to have attempted to mate with birds in a way, in at least four separate cases. This could also be the result of an innocent error.
However, the second type of Antarctic penguins; He is the imperial penguin, with much worse qualities.
Often times, females of this species - when they lose the chicks that emerged from their eggs - resort to "adoption" of other young children neglected by their families. And if this is not available, the matter is violent, as a fight erupts among crowds of females who are in the process of incubating eggs until they hatch, in a harmful struggle to extract the chicks from each other.
The period of kidnapping of such chicks extends between a few minutes and a few days, and it often ends up being ostracized to be spent as a result of freezing cold. Rather, it was once mixed with a female penguin to hijack her natural enemy chick, a chick eating a bird of the penguins, known as "Karkar".
These kidnappings are alien and brutal alike, and penguins' female feet have puzzled them for decades.
To find out why this is so, we need to clarify a few important points. The "Imperial Penguin" birds are unique from other birds as they build their nests at the height of winter.
Such errors are not confined to male penguins alone. In recent years, seals belonging to the "fur seal" species have been found to have attempted to mate with birds in a way, in at least four separate cases. This could also be the result of an innocent error.
However, the second type of Antarctic penguins; He is the imperial penguin, with much worse qualities.
Often times, females of this species - when they lose the chicks that emerged from their eggs - resort to "adoption" of other young children neglected by their families. And if this is not available, the matter is violent, as a fight erupts among crowds of females who are in the process of incubating eggs until they hatch, in a harmful struggle to extract the chicks from each other.
The period of kidnapping of such chicks extends between a few minutes and a few days, and it often ends up being ostracized to be spent as a result of freezing cold. Rather, it was once mixed with a female penguin to hijack her natural enemy chick, a chick eating a bird of the penguins, known as "Karkar".
These kidnappings are alien and brutal alike, and penguins' female feet have puzzled them for decades.
To find out why this is so, we need to clarify a few important points. The "Imperial Penguin" birds are unique from other birds as they build their nests at the height of winter.
Females are forced to go to the sea to get food, leaving the males to incubate eggs in order to stay warm, which raises a problem. The secretion of the hormone prolactin, which raises the desire of birds to take care of their mice, stops when their eggs are absent from their eyes, which causes them to lose interest in the whole thing.
But female "penguin" birds keep high levels of this hormone during the two-month incubation period, in order to maintain their desire to care for their chicks. Thus, Frederic Angler, a researcher at the French National Center for Scientific Research in the region of Villiers-en-Bois, asked whether the presence of this hormone was a possible reason for females to hijack the other penguins.
But female "penguin" birds keep high levels of this hormone during the two-month incubation period, in order to maintain their desire to care for their chicks. Thus, Frederic Angler, a researcher at the French National Center for Scientific Research in the region of Villiers-en-Bois, asked whether the presence of this hormone was a possible reason for females to hijack the other penguins.
To reach a decisive conclusion in this regard, Engler and his colleagues injected female birds who lost their young with "bromocriptine", a chemical known to be inhibiting the production of prolactin. The results were in line with the researchers ’expectations. The kidnappings made by these females were often less than those of the females who were not injected with bromocriptine.
Oliver Chastel, who co-authored the study, said these hijackings are just "an unintended side symptom of the very special strategy" pursued by these penguins.
"If you (a female penguin) are coming back from the sea, and there are no ostracized chicks (for adoption) on the horizon, and you have this really high percentage of the (prolactin) hormone, you are more likely to snatch one of these chicks," he explains.
Finally, penguins are rumored to be romantic, a reputation that is, in fact, unworthy.
In this regard, it is said that the "imperial penguin" birds can establish relations with penguins of the opposite sex no matter how far the apartment is, and that these relations continue throughout the polar winter, which made these creatures a symbol of those who cling to one life partner, and they reject multiple relationships. But the penguins themselves have different ideas about this, as “divorce” cases occur regularly. About 81 percent of the "imperial penguins" choose a partner who mates differently in each season.
Oliver Chastel, who co-authored the study, said these hijackings are just "an unintended side symptom of the very special strategy" pursued by these penguins.
"If you (a female penguin) are coming back from the sea, and there are no ostracized chicks (for adoption) on the horizon, and you have this really high percentage of the (prolactin) hormone, you are more likely to snatch one of these chicks," he explains.
Finally, penguins are rumored to be romantic, a reputation that is, in fact, unworthy.
In this regard, it is said that the "imperial penguin" birds can establish relations with penguins of the opposite sex no matter how far the apartment is, and that these relations continue throughout the polar winter, which made these creatures a symbol of those who cling to one life partner, and they reject multiple relationships. But the penguins themselves have different ideas about this, as “divorce” cases occur regularly. About 81 percent of the "imperial penguins" choose a partner who mates differently in each season.
Also, "betrayal" is common among penguins. About a third of the female "Humboldt Way" is "betraying" her mating partner. Sometimes such "betrayal" is caused by factors - apparently to us - of a shockingly utilitarian nature.
Adele Penguins build their nest with stones. The shortage of these stones causes many females of this type to “prostitution”; They mate with males in exchange for stones to build their nest.
Some deceptive females initiate complex courtship rituals to obtain stones, then escape before the males can actually start the mating process. Likewise, penguins of both sexes are robbing rocks of their competitors' nests.
Adele Penguins build their nest with stones. The shortage of these stones causes many females of this type to “prostitution”; They mate with males in exchange for stones to build their nest.
Some deceptive females initiate complex courtship rituals to obtain stones, then escape before the males can actually start the mating process. Likewise, penguins of both sexes are robbing rocks of their competitors' nests.
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